Uses of Dyes | Application of Dyes in Textile Industry | Application of Dyes According to Fiber Characteristics

What is Acid Dye?

An anionic dye characterized by substantively for protein, polyamide or others containing some basic groups. Acid dyes are often applied from an acidic or neutral dye bath.

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Fig: Textile dyes

What is Vat Dye?

A water insoluble dye which usually containing keto groups and which is normally applied to the fibre from an alkaline aqueous solution of the reduced (leuco) form, which is subsequently oxidized in the fiber to the insoluble form.

What is Basic Dye?

A cationic dye characteristic by its substaintivity for standard acrylic, mod acrylic and basic dye able polyester fibres.

What is Direct Dye?

An anionic dye having substaintivity for cellulose fibere, normally applied from an aqueous dye bath containing an electrolyte.

What is Disperse Dye?

Disperse dye is one kind of organic coloring substances which is free from ionizing group, less soluble in water and which is used for dyeing of hydrophobic textile materials. 

What is Azoic Dye?

The dyes which have insoluble azo group is known as azoic dye. This types of dyes do not get in ready-made form. These dyes are produced by reacting two components, where one is coupling method and another one is diazo component.

Name of Different Dyes and Their Application in Textile Processing:

SL No.	Name of Dyes	Application
01	Acid dye	Natural fibre (Wool, Silk), Man-made fibre (Nylon)
02	Direct dye	Natural fibe (Cotton), Man-made fibre (Viscose)
03	Vat dye	Natural fibre (Silk, Cotton, Wool), Man-made fibre (Viscose)
04	Disperse dye	Nylon, Acrylic, Tri-acetate, Polyester, Di-acetate
05	Basic dye	Jute, Acrylic
06	Reactive dye	Viscose, Silk, Nylon, Cotton, Wool
07	Sulphur dye	Viscose, Cotton
08	Mordant dye	Cotton, Silk, Wool
09	Pigment	Man-made fibre, Cotton
10	Mineral	Cotton, Silk, Wool
11	Azoic dye	Viscose, Cotton
12	Aniline black	Cotton
13	Rapid and Rapidson dye	Cotton
14	Onium dye	Jute, Cotton

Washing Efficiency in Textile:
Washing process is characterized by its washing efficiency. It is the amount of the impurities that are removed divided by the total amount that could have been removed. Parish has given the concept about performance of any washing machine. He concluded that effective washing is based on water flow rate and efficiency of each washing unit. This article has presented some key factors which are directly affected on washing efficiency.

Textile dyeing and washing plant

Important Factors of Washing in Textile Wet Processing Sector:
There are some key factors which must be followed in dyeing washing. Those are in the below:

1.       Washing temperature,

2.       Time,

3.       Additional to bath,

4.       Mechanical action,

5.       Proportion of liquid,

6.       Roll diameter,

7.       Simulator height,

8.       Numbers of roll,

9.       Fresh water addition techniques,

10.   Water flow pattern,

11.   Water temperature,

12.   Counter-current flow,

13.   Fiber content,

14.   Roll configuration,

15.   Impurities & chemical concentration,

16.   Nipping roll,

17.   Water flow rate,

18.   Last process efficiency,

19.   Water bath design,

20.   Fabric speed,

21.   Fabric GSM,

22.   Fabric tension,

23.   Yarn twist,

24.   Machine design,

25.   Fabric contamination.

Among those, some key factors have explained in the following:

1. Washing Temperature:
The washing temperature should have great impact on colors. Required amount of temperature should maintain during washing. Otherwise it will change the desired shade which is approved by the buyer. It’s often seen that, the dye is loosened from fabrics by the action of hot water.

2. Time:
Time is another important fact in washing. If you wash the dyeing materials for long time, you will surely lose your desired shade, which ultimately rejected by the buyer. You should wash the dyed fabrics for less amount of time without soaking so that less amount of color runs out.

3. Additions to Bath:
Bleaching and sodium carbonate should be included to intensify the washing action.

4. Mechanical Action:
Mechanical action is subjected to washing should also be included in dyeing washing test.

5. Proportion of Liquid:
The proportion of liquid to the amount of material washed is important factor. The material would just float without the squeezing if volume of liquid is too high, whereas in smaller amount there would be twisting action.